Early Removal of Saplings: A Cost-Effective Strategy to Contain Invasive Trees

A recent study published in Journal of Applied Ecology by an international group of researchers, including Pablo García-Díaz (IER) and collaborators from INIBIOMA-CONICET (Bariloche), reveals that early removal of saplings is the most cost-effective strategy to contain *Pinus contorta* invasions in Patagonian grasslands. Using simulation models and long-term field data, the research identifies optimal management practices to minimize ecological and economic impacts.

Key Findings

1. Removing saplings (3-6 years old) significantly reduces the spread and population size of Pinus contorta at the lowestcost (USD 200 per year for containment).
2. Delaying management increases costs substantially, requiring up to USD 7300 per year after 40 years of uncontrolled invasion.
3. Targeting adult trees alone is ineffective, as younger stages continue the invasion process.
4. Prioritizing control efforts in newly invaded areas enhances containment effectiveness.

Implications for Invasive Species Management

The study underscores the importance of proactive intervention in biological invasions. Controlling saplings early prevents the establishment of reproductive adults, reducing long-term ecological damage and management costs. These findings provide valuable guidance for conservation managers aiming to preserve Patagonian grasslands.